On 15 Jun 2023, the latest Department of State Trafficking in Persons (TIP) report was released using the mandated Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention (3 Ps) framework per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA). The 2003 reauthorization of the TVPA added to the original law a new requirement that foreign governments provide the Department of State with data on trafficking investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences in order to fully meet
the TVPA’s minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking (Tier 1). In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a “government policy or pattern” of human trafficking, human trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers. While the TVPA already directs the Secretary of State to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking.
Tier Rankings
There were a few discrepancies between the HTML and PDF Tier Rankings – defaulted to the country profiles.
Tier 1
DENMARK ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 1 (Tier 2, 2022)
SEYCHELLES ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 1 (Tier 2, 2022)
Tier 2
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
ARUBA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
BHUTAN ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
BURKINA FASO ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
CAMEROON ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
COMOROS ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
ETHIOPIA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
GUINEA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
HONG KONG S.A.R. ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
INDONESIA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
MALI ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
NAMBIA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 1, 2022)
PALAU ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
SAINT LUCIA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
SENEGAL ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
SLOVENIA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 1, 2022)
TONGA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
ZAMBIA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
ZIMBABWE ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
Tier 2 Watch List
BOLIVIA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
BOTSWANA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
BRUNEI ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 3, 2022)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
EGYPT ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
IRAQ ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
LEBANON ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
MALAYSIA ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 3, 2022)
MARSHALL ISLANDS ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
MONTENEGRO ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
MOZAMBIQUE ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
SOLOMON ISLANDS ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
VANUATU ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 2, 2022)
VIETNAM ⬆️: Upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (Tier 3, 2022)
Tier 3
ALGERIA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 3 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
CHAD ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 3 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
DJIBOUTI ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 3 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
EQUATORIAL GUINEA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 3 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
PAPUA NEW GUINEA ⬇️: Downgraded to Tier 3 (Tier 2 Watch List, 2022)
Law Enforcement Data
| YEAR | PROSECUTIONS | CONVICTIONS | VICTIMS IDENTIFIED | NEW OR AMENDED LEGISLATION |
| 2012 | 7,705 (1,153) | 4,746 (518) | 46,570 (17,368) | 21 |
| 2013 | 9,460 (1,199) | 5,776 (470) | 44,758 (10,603) | 58 |
| 2014 | 10,051 (418) | 4,443 (216) | 44,462 (11,438) | 20 |
| 2015 | 19,127 (857) | 6,615 (456) | 77,823 (14,262) | 30 |
| 2016 | 14,939 (1,038) | 9,072 (717) | 68,453 (17,465) | 25 |
| 2017 | 17,471 (869) | 7,135 (332) | 96,960 (23,906) | 5 |
| 2018 | 11,096 (457) | 7,481 (259) | 85,613 (11,009) | 5 |
| 2019 | 11,841 (1,024) | 9,548 (498) | 118,932 (13,875) | 7 |
| 2020 | 9,876 (1,115) | 5,011 (337) | 109,216 (14,448) | 16 |
| 2021 | 10,572 (1,379) | 5,260 (374) | 90,354 (21,219) | 15 |
| 2022 | 15,159 (2,670) | 5,577 (528) | 115,324 (24,340) | 27 |
Numbers in parentheses are those of labor trafficking
Special Interest Topics
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Deceiving the Watchdogs: How Unscrupulous Manufacturers Conceal Forced Labor | Forced Labor: The Hidden Cost of China’s Belt and Road Initiative |
| Overlooked for Too Long: Boys and Human Trafficking | Forced Labor and the Clean Energy Transition: Finding A Responsible Way Forward |
| Online Recruitment of Vulnerable Populations for Forced Labor | The Climate Crisis: Exacerbating Vulnerabilities and the Looming Increase of Exploitation |
| Protecting Victims of Trafficking: The Non-Punishment Principle | Promising Practices in Data Collection, Management, and Dissemination |
| Human Trafficking and Cyber Scam Operations | Linking Efforts to Combat Corruption and Trafficking in Persons |
Countries Acceded to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Protocol)
Bhutan: 20 Feb 2023
Pakistan: 4 Nov 2022
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